Legal Status of Cannabis Worldwide - A Detailed Overview

Cannabis legalization has become one of the most debated topics in the modern world. Different countries employ varying approaches to regulating this plant—ranging from complete prohibition to full legalization. This document examines the current situation in various nations based on 2024 data.
Countries with Full Legalization
Canada became the first G7 nation to fully legalize cannabis in 2018. The Canadian government implemented a strict regulatory system governing both personal use and commercial production. Citizens are allowed to cultivate up to four plants per household and purchase products from licensed retail outlets. The Canadian model is often regarded as a successful example for other nations.
Uruguay became the first country in the world to fully legalize cannabis in 2013. Uruguay's model is characterized by strict state control, including a registered user system, regulated prices, and stringent quality control measures. Uruguay's experience demonstrates that effective market management is possible through government regulations.

Malta became the first European Union country to fully legalize cannabis in 2021. Malta's legislation allows citizens to consume cannabis in private spaces, produce small quantities, and share it for non-commercial purposes. This model has drawn significant interest from other European states.
In Germany, a new law regulating cannabis use took effect on April 1, 2024. The legislation permits possession of up to 25 grams for personal use and the cultivation of up to three plants in residential spaces. The creation of "cannabis clubs" is also allowed, although strict regulations are in place to protect minors.

Countries with Medical Legalisation
Australia has permitted medical cannabis use since 2016. The country maintains a strict quality control system and requires medical prescriptions. Australia actively supports research programs and is emerging as a significant center for medical cannabis production.
Israel is a global leader in medical cannabis research. The country has an advanced scientific base, develops innovative treatment methods, and fosters international collaboration. Israel's experience is particularly valuable from a medical research perspective.
Thailand implemented cannabis decriminalization through its 2022 reform and permits its use for medical and culinary purposes. The government supports local producers and is developing cannabis tourism, which generates significant economic benefits.

The Special Case of the United States
The United States presents a unique situation: while cannabis remains illegal at the federal level, policies vary at the state level. Recreational use is permitted in 24 states, while medical use is allowed in 38 states. This creates significant challenges related to financial services, research, and interstate transportation.
Georgia's Experience
Georgia decriminalized cannabis consumption through a Constitutional Court decision in 2018. However, cultivation, sale, and distribution remain prohibited. Only personal consumption is permitted, leading to certain legal contradictions regarding supply.
Contemporary Trends and Challenges

Public attitudes toward cannabis legalisation are gradually changing worldwide. Support is growing, awareness of medical benefits is increasing, and social stigma is declining. Public discourse is increasingly grounded in scientific evidence.
Economic Perspective
The cannabis industry creates significant economic opportunities, including job creation, increased tax revenues, and tourism development. Funding opportunities for research and development are particularly noteworthy.
Regulatory Challenges
Countries face numerous regulatory challenges, including establishing quality control standards, defining age restrictions, and regulating intoxication levels. International trade issues are particularly complex and difficult to resolve.
Progress in Medical Research
Extensive work continues in medical research. Scientists are investigating new therapeutic possibilities, studying side effects, and working on dosage standardisation. The scale of clinical trials is steadily expanding.

Conclusion
The legal status of cannabis worldwide is a complex and evolving issue. Each country strives to find an optimal balance between public health, economic benefits, and social responsibility. It is essential that this process be informed by scientific research and consider the interests of all segments of society. More countries are expected to join the legalisation movement in the future, further expanding our knowledge about this plant's potential benefits and risks.